Cold Season Survival Guide

What Is the Common Cold and What Causes It?

The common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a viral infection caused by more than 200 viruses, primarily by the rhinovirus, which causes nearly 34% of all respiratory illnesses.

The cold is highly contagious and easily spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes or touches surfaces with which others come into contact.

Infection happens when the virus enters the body through the mouth, nose, or eyes and then begins to multiply, triggering our immune systems and making us feel unwell.

Symptoms of the Common Cold

If you’ve ever had a cold, you’re familiar with its signature symptoms, which typically include:

• Runny or stuffy nose
• Sneezing
• Congestion
• Sore throat. An itchy or scratchy throat is common
• Cough, which may be persistent, dry, or with phlegm
• Fatigue
• A dull, throbbing headache often accompanies a cold
• Mild fever: Some people may experience a low-grade fever
• Mild loss of taste and smell

These symptoms usually last for about a week, but it can take longer for your body to recover fully.

Potential Complications

While the common cold is usually a mild, self-limiting illness, it can lead to more severe complications in certain individuals.

These complications may include

• Sinusitis (sinus infection)
• Ear infection
• Bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchial tubes)
• Pneumonia

It’s crucial to pay attention to your symptoms and seek emergency medical advice if they worsen or persist.

Ways to Prevent Infection

Preventing the common cold is often easier than treating it. Here are some tips to help reduce your risk of catching a cold:

• Hand hygiene: Wash your hands frequently or use hand sanitizer.
• Avoid close contact: Steer clear of individuals with a cold.
• Use tissues: Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue or elbow when sneezing or coughing.
• Disinfect surfaces: Clean and disinfect commonly touched surfaces regularly.

Warning Signs: When to Go to the Emergency Room

In most cases, a common cold won’t need medical intervention. However, there are instances where you should seek emergency medical attention, such as:

• High fever: If your fever goes above 102°F (38.9°C), especially in children, it’s time to visit the emergency room.
• Severe cough: Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath can indicate a more serious respiratory issue.
• Dehydration: If you have trouble swallowing, can’t keep down fluids, or notice extreme thirst, medical help is crucial.
• Persistent pain or pressure in the chest: These symptoms can be signs of a more severe respiratory condition.

Don’t hesitate to seek emergency care in case of severe symptoms or any doubt about your condition.